These are the footnotes for a brief excerpt from Chapter 7 of
The Read-Aloud Handbook (Penguin, 2006, 6th edition).

Footnotes for CHAPTER SEVEN

(The Print Climate in the Home, School, and Library)

1. President Ronald Reagan and New York Governor Mario Cuomo, 1984; the Cuomo speech is listed as one of the "Top 100 American Speeches" in the Online Speech Bank, available at: http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/cuomo1984dnc.htm.
2. Lesley Mandel Morrow, "Home and School Correlates of Early Interest in Literature," Journal of Educational Research, vol. 76, March/April 1983, pp. 221-230.
3. Susan B. Neuman and Donna Celano, "Access to print in low-income and middle-income communities: An ecological study of four neighborhoods," Reading Research Quarterly, vol. 36, No. 1, January/February/March 2001, pp. 8-26; and Susan B. Neuman, Conna C. Celano, Albert N. Greco, and Pamela Shue, Access for All: Closing the Book Gap for Children in Early Education (Newark, DE: International Reading Association, 2001).
4. Nell K. Duke, “For the Rich It’s Richer: Print Experiences and Environments Offers to children in Very Low- and Very High-Socioeconomic Status First-Grade," American Educational Research Journal, Summer, 2000, vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 441-478.
5. Stephen S. Krashen, The Power of Reading (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann and Libraries Unlimited, 2004).
6. Jeff McQuillan, The Literary Crisis: False Claims, Real Solutions (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1998).
7. Richard Allington, Sherry Guice, Kim Baker, Nancy Michaelson, and Shouming Li, “Access to Books: Variations in Schools and Classrooms,” The Language and Literacy Spectrum, Spring 1995, pp. 23–25. Also “Something to Read: Putting Books in Their Desks, Backpacks, and Bedrooms,” Richard L. Allington and Sherry Guice, in Phillip Dreyer, ed., Vision and realities in literacy: Sixtieth Yearbook of the Claremont Reading Conference (Claremont, CA: Claremont Reading Conference, 1996), p. 5.
8. Keith Curry Lance, Marcia J. Rodney, and Christine Hamilton-Pennell, How School Librarians Help Kids Achieve Standards: The Second Colorado Study, Colorado State Library, Colorado Department of Education; Keith Curry Lance, Lynda Welborn, and Christine Hamilton-Pennell, The Impact of School Media Centers on Academic Achievement, Colorado Department of Education. Copies may be ordered through Libraries Unlimited, PO Box 6633, Englewood, CO 80155 (tel: 800 237-6124). Also “Dick and Jane Go to the Head of the Class” by Christine Hamilton-Pennell, Keith Curry Lance, Marcia J. Rodney, and Eugene Hainer, School Library Journal, April 2000, pp. 44–47.
9. C. Contantino and Stephen Krashen, “Differences in Print Environment for Children in Beverly Hills, Compton, and Watts,” Emergency Librarian, 24, 1997, 4, pp. 8–9. See also Stephen Krashen, “Bridging Inequity with Books,” Educational Leadership, January 1998, pp. 19–22.
10. Many of Krashen’s findings and recommendations can be found in the document Every Person a Reader: An Alternative to the California Task Force Report on Reading by Stephen D. Krashen, from Language Education Associates, online at: http://www.languagebooks.com/books/every_person_a_reader.html.
11. Kathleen Kennedy Manzo, “California Continues Phaseout of Whole Language Era,” Education Week, July 9, 1997, p. 15.
12. Duke Helfand and Doug Smith, “Elementary Schools Post Lower Scores,” Los Angeles Times, August 17, 2004, p. B1; Duke Helfand and Jean Merl, "Pace of School Gains Slows Down: Statewide, Fewer Than Half Meet Their Goals, a Sharp Decline From Last Year," Los Angeles Times, October 29, 2004, p. B1; Duke Helfand, "Study Offers Grim Look at Schools," Los Angeles Times, January 4, 2005, p. B1, B8.
13. According to Michael Gorman, president of American Library Association, August 16, 2005.
14. James Ricci, “A Saving Grace in the Face of Our School Library Scandal,” Los Angeles Times Magazine, November 12, 2000.
15. Nell K. Duke, “For the Rich It’s Richer: Print Experiences and Environments Offers to children in Very Low- and Very High-Socioeconomic Status First-Grade Classrooms,” American Educational Research Journal, Summer, 2000, vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 441-478.
16. Julian E. Barnes, "Unequal Education," Newsweek, March 29, 2004, pp. 67-75; also: Greg Toppo, “Teacher of the Year: Let teachers teach,” USA Today, April 19, 2005, p.5D. In 2004, during Black History Month, New York Times education columnist Michael Winerip visited Williams Elementary School in Mount Vernon, New York. The school serves ninety percent poverty children with ten percent from homeless shelters. As for the school library, most books had copyrights from the 50's and 60's when the school served a white population. This made most of the nonfiction collection impossibly out of date, and offered a dearth of relevant current fiction for children. Harry Potter? None. Gary Paulsen? One. Langston Hughes? None. The shelves weren't bare, though; there were books on television (copyright 1955) and the telephone (1967). See Michael Winerip, "At Poor Schools, Time Stops on the Library Shelves," New York Times, March 10, 2004, p. A21.
17. Jack Hitt, “The Theory of Supermarkets,” The New York Times Magazine, March 10, 1996, pp. 56–61, 94, 98.
18. Robin Fields, and Melinda Fulmer, “Markets’ Shelf Fees Put Squeeze on Small Firms,” The Los Angeles Times, January 29, 2000, pp. 1A, 26A.
19. Jann Sorrell Fractor and others, “Let’s Not Miss Opportunities to Promote Voluntary Reading: Classroom Libraries in the Elementary School,” The Reading Teacher, March 1993, pp. 476–84.
20. Mary B. W. Tabor, “In Bookstore Chains, Display Space Is for Sale,” The New York Times, January 15, 1996, pp. A1, D8.
21. Mike Oliver is now principal at James Zaharis Elementary School, 9410 E. McKellips Road, Mesa, AZ 8520.

Chapter Seven — p. 1  p. 2  p. 3

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